انواع السوائل التى يتم فحصها فى المختبر

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF):

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear watery liquid filtrate that is formed and secreted by the choroid plexus, special tissue that has many blood vessels and lines the small cavities or chambers (ventricles) in the brain. CSF flows around the brain and spinal cord, surrounding and protecting them.

It is continually produced, circulated, and then absorbed into the blood system. About 500 mL is produced each day. This rate of production means that all of the CSF is replaced every few hours.

this test used to

disease or condition affecting the central nervous system (CNS) such as bleeding within the brain or skull, cancer, autoimmune disorder or infection

the way of sample obtaining

A sample of cerebrospinal fluid is collected by a doctor from the lower back using a procedure called a lumbar puncture or spinal tap.

CNS symptoms

infections and inflammation in the meninges or the brain (called encephalitis) can disrupt the blood-brain barrier and allow white and red blood cells and increased amounts of protein into the CSF. Meningitis and encephalitis can also lead to the production of antibodies. Immune diseases that affect the CNS, such as Guillain-Barré Syndrome, and multiple sclerosis can also produce antibodies that can be found in the CSF. Cancers such as leukemia can lead to an increase in CSF white blood cells (WBCs), and cancerous tumors can result in the presence of abnormal cells.

Analysis is requested:

CSF color, clarity and pressure during collection, CSF protein ,CSF glucose ,CSF cell count and CSF differential

السائل النخاعى

السائل النخاعى هو سائل مائى يتم انتاجه داخل الضفيرة المشيمية وايضا فى الانسجة المحتوية على اوعية دموية كثيرة وينتج ايضا داخل تجاويف المخ وهو يتواجد حول المخ والحبل الشوكى للاحاطة بهم وحمايتهم ويتم انتاج حوالى 500 مل كل يوم .

هذا الاختبار يستخدم ل

تشخيص حالة الجهاز العصبي المركزي مثل نزيف المخ و الجمجمة ، والسرطان ، والاضطرابات المناعة أو العدوى

طريق الحصول على عينة

ويتم جمع عينة من النخاعى من قبل الطبيب حيث يجمعها من أسفل الظهر باستخدام إجراء يسمى إجراء تراكم البزل أو في العمود الفقري السائل

ومن اعراض الاصابة بامراض الجهاز العصبى المركزى

الالتهاب السحائى والتهابات المخ

وزيادة كميات من البروتين في السائل النخاعي.الالتهاب السحائى والتهاب المخ يمكن أن يؤدي أيضا إلى إنتاج الأجسام المضادة

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Peritoneal Fluid Analysis:

Peritoneal fluid is a liquid that acts as a lubricant in the abdominal cavity. It is found in small quantities between the layers of the peritoneam. Peritoneal fluid is produced by mesothelial cells in the membranes and acts to moisten the outside of the organs and to reduce the friction of organ movement during digestion.

The test used to

diagnose the cause of peritonitis and peritoneal fluid accumulation (called ascites)

the way of sample obtaining

A peritoneal fluid sample obtained by inserting a needle into the abdominal cavity

السائل البريتوني

هو السائل الذي يقوم بدور مواد التشحيم في تجويف البطن. ويوجد بكميات صغيرة بين طبقات البريتوني. وينتج من قبل خلايا السائل البريتوني الظهارية في الأغشية وتعمل على ترطيب خارج الأجهزة والحد من الاحتكاك من خلال حركة جهاز الهضم

هذا الاختبار يستخدم فى

تشخيص حالات الاستسقاء.

طريقة الحصول على العينة

عينة السائل البريتوني يتم الحصول عليها عن طريق غرس إبرة في تجويف البطن

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Pleural Fluid Analysis:

Pleural fluid is found in the pleural cavity and serves as a lubricant for the movement of the lungs during inhalation and exhalation. It is derived from a plasma filtrate from blood capillaries and is found in small quantities between the layers of the pleurae membranes that cover the chest cavity and the outside of each lung.

There are two main reasons for fluid

accummulation :

1- Fluid may accumulate in the pleural space because of an imbalance between the pressure within blood vessels which drives fluid out of blood vessels and the amount of protein in blood which keeps fluid in blood vessels. The fluid that accumulates in this case is called a transudate . This type of fluid usually involves both lungs and is often a result of either cirrhosis or congestive heart failure.

2-Fluid accumulation may be caused by injury or inflammation of the pleurae, in which case the fluid is called an exudate. It usually involves one lung and may be seen in infections (pneumonia, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis), malignancies (lung cancer, metastatic cancer, lymphoma,mesothelioma), rheumatoid disease, or systemic lupus erythematosus.

The test used to

diagnose the cause of inflammation of pleurae (pleuritis, pleurisy), accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (pleural effusion), or possible malignancy

the way of sample obtaining

fluid is collected by a doctor using a procedure called thoracentesis, in part to relieve pressure and for diagnostic purposes

هو السائل المحيط بالرئة وهو بمثابة تشحيم للرئة فى اثناء حركتها خلال عمليتى الشهيق والزفير وهذا السائل مستمد من البلازما.

هناك سببين لتراكم هذا السائل:

1- يتراكم السائل نتيجة اختلال الضغط داخل الاوعية الدموية ويطلق على السائل الذى يتراكم فى هذه الحالة

transudate

2- يكون سبب تراكم السائل عن إصابة أو التهاب pleurae

وفي هذه الحالة السائل يسمى exudate

وهذا نتيجة لبعض الامراض مثل الالتهاب الرئوى والسل وسرطان الرئة والاورام الليمفاوية وامراض المفاصل والذئبة الحمراء

هذا الاختبار يستخدم ل

تشخيص سبب التهاب ال pleurae

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Pericardial Fluid Analysis:

Pericardial fluid is a liquid that acts as a lubricant for the movement of the heart. It is found in small quantities between the two layers of the pericardium. Pericardial fluid is produced by mesothelial cells in the membranes and acts to reduce friction as the heart pumps blood.

There are two main reasons for fluid

accumulation :

1- Fluid may accumulate in the pleural space because of an imbalance between the pressure within blood vessels which drives fluid out of blood vessels and the amount of protein in blood which keeps fluid in blood vessels. The fluid that accumulates in this case is called a transudate . This type of fluid usually involves both lungs and is often a result of either cirrhosis or congestive heart failure.

2- Fluid accumulation may be caused by injury or inflammation of the peritoneum, in which case the fluid is called an exudate. This type of fluid may be the result of conditions such as infection, malignancies (metastatic cancer, lymphoma, mesothelioma), rheumatoid disease, or systemic lupus erythematosus.

The test used to

diagnose the cause of inflammation of the pericardium and fluid accumulation around the heart

the way of sample obtaining

A sample of fluid collected by a doctor from the pericardial sac using a procedure called a pericadiocentesis

هو السائل الذي يعمل بمثابة تشحيم لحركة القلب. ويوجد بكميات صغيرة بين طبقتين من بيريكارديوم. ويتم إنتاج السوائل من الخلايا الظهارية بيريكارديال في الأغشية وتعمل على تقليل الاحتكاك

هناك سببين لتراكم هذا السائل:

1- يتراكم السائل نتيجة اختلال الضغط داخل الاوعية الدموية ويطلق على السائل الذى يتراكم فى هذه الحالة

transudate

2- يكون سبب تراكم السائل عن إصابة أو التهاب

peritoneum

وفي هذه الحالة السائل يسمى

exudate

هذا الاختبار يستخدم فى

تشخيص سبب التهاب بيريكارديوم وتراكم السوائل حول القلب

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Fetal fibronectin (fFN):

Fetal fibronectin (fFN) is a glycoprotein that can be used to help predict the short term risk of premature delivery. fFN is produced at the boundary between the amnionic sac (which surrounds the baby) and the lining of the mother's uterus (the decidua) in an area called the uteroplacental (or choriodecidual) junction.

Fetal fibronectin is largely confined to this junction and is thought to help maintain the integrity of the boundary. fFN is normally detectable in cervicovaginal fluid during early pregnancy, and in a normal pregnancy it is no longer detectable after 24 weeks. However, it reappears and is again detectable after about 36 weeks

A normal pregnancy is 40 weeks with a woman going into labor between 37 and 42 weeks. Finding fFN in cervicovaginal fluids after 36 weeks is not unusual as it is often released by the body as it gets ready for childbirth. The elevated fFN found in vaginal fluids early in pregnancy may simply reflect the normal growth and establishment of tissues at the uteroplacental junction with levels falling when this phase is complete.

What is known is that fFN should not be detectible between 22 and 35 weeks of pregnancy. Elevated levels during this period reflect a disturbance at the uteroplacental junction and have been associated with an increased risk of preterm labor and delivery.

The sample

A cervical or vaginal fluid sample

هو احد البروتينات الكربوهيدراتية ويستخدم فى معرفة حدوث ولادة مبكرة وهذا البروتين ينشا بين كيس الجنين والرحم اثناء الحمل

ويمكن الكشف عنه فى الاسبوع ال36 عن طريق السوائل المهبلية

وهذا السائل يؤخذ من عنق الرحم عن طريق المسح بالسواب  

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